Effecten van training en sport op gedrag

Effecten van training en sport op gedrag

Sport stress in general

• Acute Phase Responses of Different Positions of High-Goal (Elite) Polo Ponies (pdf)
• Adaptability of sport horses to stressful conditions: Exercise-induced physiological adjustments to stressful conditions in sports horse
• Analysis of factors affecting length of competitive life of jumping horses (pdf)
• A note on the effect of daily exercise and paddock size on the behaviour of domestic horses
• Behavioral problems in Italian saddle horses
• Changes in cortisol release and heart rate and heart rate variability during the initial training of 3-year-old sport horses
• Clinical Problems Associated with the Intensive Management of Performance Horses
• Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls: Effects of Free Exercise on the Behavior in the Stable, the Behavior during Training, and the Degree of Stress
• Conflict behavior in elite show jumping and dressage horses
• Could Work Be a Source of Behavioural Disorders? A Study in Horses (pdf)
• Does horse temperament influence horse-rider cooperation?
• Does Work Affect Personality? A Study in Horses (pdf)
• Effects of different forms of exercise on post inhibitory rebound and unwanted behaviour in stabled horses
• Exercising the Pregnant Mare from Day 16 to Day 80 of Gestation
• Equine behaviour and heart rate in temperament tests with or without rider or handler
• Equipment and training risk factors associated with ridden behaviour problems in UK leisure horses
• Energy needs increase with horse performance
• Fear reactions in riding horses – A comparison between dressage and show jumping horses (pdf)
• Fear reactions in trained and untrained horses from dressage and show-jumping breeding lines
• Gender Differences of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Erythrocyte Damage in Well-Trained Horses During Exercise
• Genetic analysis of the longevity of French sport horses in jumping competition
• Investigating anhedonia in a non-conventional species: Do some riding horses Equus caballus display symptoms of depression?
• Is There Evidence of Learned Helplessness in Horses?
• Overtraining effects on quantitative electromyography and muscle enzyme activities in standardbred horses
• Performance of acclimatized European horses in a modified One Star Three-Day Event in heat and humidity
• Performance-related problems and exercise physiology (excerpt chapter)
• Rider and Horse Salivary Cortisol Levels during Competition and Impact on Performance
• Salivary Cortisol Concentration in Exercised Thoroughbred Horses
• Separating a horse from the social group for riding or training purposes: a descriptive study of human-horse interactions
• Stabled foals and yearlings move more inefficient than pastured horses, even when they get light training: The influence of different exercise regimens on the development of locomotion in the foal
• Stress Response of Three-year-old Horse Mares to Changes in Husbandry System During Initial Equestrian Training
• The effects of early training sessions on the reactions of foals at 1, 2, and 3 months of age
• The effects of transport, riot control training and night patrols on the workload and stress of mounted police horses
• The horse-human dyad: Can we align horse training and handling activities with the equid ethogram? (pdf)
• The Use of a Technical Device for Testing the Sport-Functional Properties of Riding Surfaces
• The use of equipment and training practices and the prevalence of owner-reported ridden behaviour problems in UK leisure horses
• Thermoregulation in the horse in response to exercise
• Variables affecting the prevalence of behavioural problems in horses. Can riding style and other management factors be significant?

Rider influences

• A comparison of forces acting on the horse’s back and the stability of the rider’s seat in different positions at the trot
• Application of a Full Body Inertial Measurement System in Dressage Riding
• A Preliminary Study of an Inertial Sensor-based Method for the Assessment of Human Pelvis Kinematics in Dressage Riding
• Assessing the rider’s seat and horse’s behavior: difficulties and perspectives – pdf
• Comparative analyses of rider position according to skill levels during walk and trot in Jeju horse
• Does horse temperament influence horse-rider cooperation?
• Equine behaviour and heart rate in temperament tests with or without rider or handler
• Rider posture causes back pain in horses: Human Direct Actions May Alter Animal Welfare, a Study on Horses (Equus caballus)
• Influence of rider on lameness in trotting horses
• Influence of the rider on the variability of the equine gait
• Investigating horse-human interactions: the effect of a nervous human
• Kinematic analysis of the equestrian — Walk, posting trot and sitting trot
• Relationship between the forces acting on the horse’s back and the movements of rider and horse while walking on a treadmill
• Rider mass effects on ground reaction forces and fetlock kinematics at the trot
• Saddle and leg forces during lateral movements in dressage (pdf)
• Stirrup forces during horse riding: A comparison between sitting and rising trot
• The effect of different head and neck positions – including hyperflexion – on the behavior of base-level warm blood riding horses during moderate exercise
• The working relationship between horse and rider during training and competition for equestrian sports (pdf – not published research but doctor of philosophy dissertation)
• Transfer of nervousness from competition rider to the horse (pdf, page 17)
• Vertical forces on the horse’s back in sitting and rising trot

Dressage

• A Nonnatural Head–Neck Position (Rollkur) During Training Results in Less Acute Stress in Elite, Trained, Dressage Horses (pdf) (read pdf A review of recent studies into the effect of Rollkür on the wellbeing of competition horses for discussion of the results)
• A preliminary study on the relation between subjectively assessing dressage performance and objective welfare parameters
• A review of recent studies into the effect of Rollkür on the wellbeing of competition horses (pdf)
• Comparison of the stride kinematics of the collected, working, medium and extended trot in horses
• Comparison of the stride kinematics of the collected, medium, and extended walks in horses
• Conflict behavior in elite show jumping and dressage horses
• Conflict responses exhibited by dressage horses
• Current management and training practices for UK dressage horses
• The effect of head and neck position on the thoracolumbar kinematics in the unridden horse
• Effect of head and neck position on vertical ground reaction forces and interlimb coordination in the dressage horse ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill
• Impact of riding in a coercively obtained Rollkur posture on welfare and fear of performance horses (pdf)
• Kinetics and kinematics of the passage
• Lower critical temperature of competition horses (pdf)
• Poll-flexion does not induce hypoxia in unridden ponies while trotting (pdf, page 12)
• The effect of different head and neck positions on the caudal back and hindlimb kinematics in the elite dressage horse at trot
• The effect of head and neck position on the thoracolumbar kinematics in the unridden horse (pdf)
• The extended canter: a comparison of some kinematic variables in horses trained for dressage and for racing
• The influence of head neck position on stress in the horse (pdf)
• The influence of head and neck position on kinematics of the back in riding horses at the walk and trot (pdf)
• Variability of scores in the 2008 Olympic dressage competition and implications for horse training and welfare
• Workload and stress in horses: comparison in horses ridden deep and round (rollkur) with a draw rein and horses ridden in a natural frame with only light rein contact (read pdf A review of recent studies into the effect of Rollkür on the wellbeing of competition horses for discussion of the results)

Endurance, trail, trekking

• Application of Qualitative Behavioural Assessment to horses during an endurance ride
• Contribution to our knowledge of the physiology and metabolism of endurance horses
• Effect of Age and Performance on Physical, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters in Endurance Horses
• Plasma serotonin, tryptophan, haematological and functional responses to horse trekking
• Physical Parameters and Risk Factors Associated with the Elimination of Arabian and Crossed Arabian Endurance Horses during a 120-km Endurance Race

Reining – Cutting – Rodeo

• Description of the Responses of Some Blood Constituents to Rodeo Exercise in Chilean Creole Horses
• Hormonal responses of Quarter Horses to a 6-week conventional Western-riding training programme
• Kinematic analysis of cutting horses working a mechanical flag

Jumping

• A retrospective case-control study of horse falls in the sport of horse trials and three-day eventing
• Circulating β-Endorphin, Adrenocorticotropin, and Cortisol Concentrations of Horses Before and After Competitive Show Jumping with Different Fence Heights
• Conflict behavior in elite show jumping and dressage horses
• Difficulty of cross-country obstacles for horses competing in Three Day Events
• Effect of early training on the jumping technique of horses
• Effects of the rider on the linear kinematics of jumping horses
• Influences of a rider on the rotation of the horse–rider system during jumping
• Linear kinematics at take-off in horses jumping the wall in an international Puissance competition
• Risk factors for cross-country horse falls at one-day events and at two-/three-day events
• The association between performance in show-jumping and personality traits earlier in life
• The effect of fence height and width on the limb placements of show jumping horses
• Variation in free jumping technique within and among horses with little experience in show jumping
• Which obstacles are most problematic for jumping horses

Carriages, ploughing etc

• Effect of the Work Performed by Tourism Carriage Horses on Physiological and Blood Parameters

Racing

• An Investigation of Racing Performance and Whip Use by Jockeys in Thoroughbred Races
• A Sequence Polymorphism in MSTN Predicts Sprinting Ability and Racing Stamina in Thoroughbred Horses
• Correlation Between the Conformation of the Distal Forelimb and Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Lesions in Flat Racing Thoroughbreds
• Effect of Conditioning Horses Once, Twice, or Thrice a Week with High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise on v4
• Fractures sustained by racehorses in Japan during flat racing with special reference to track condition and racing time
• Horse injuries and racing practices in National Hunt racehorses in the UK: the results of a prospective cohort study
• Horse-level risk factors for fatal distal limb fracture in racing Thoroughbreds in the UK
• Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training
• Physiological responses to training and racing in two-year-old quarter horses
• Salivary Cortisol Concentration in Exercised Thoroughbred Horses
• The more whip use, the more falls: Whip use and race progress are associated with horse falls in hurdle and steeplechase racing in the UK

Equitherapy and Equine Assisted Therapy

• An assessment of the pressure distribution exerted by a rider on the back of a horse during hippotherapy
• Behavioral assessment of horses in therapeutic riding programs
• Gymnastic training and dynamic mobilization exercises improve stride quality and increase epaxial muscle size in therapy horses
• Heart Rate Variability in Horses Engaged in Equine-Assisted Activities
• Three-dimensional analysis of horse and human gaits in therapeutic riding

Rider Injuries

• Equestrian injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years of major traumatic injuries (pdf)
• Horse related injuries in children: an overview

Tack

Bits, headgear, reins

• A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study of Prevalence and Severity of Bit-Induced Oral Trauma in Polo Ponies and Race Horses
• A fluoroscopic study of the position and action of different bits in the horse’s mouth
• A fluoroscopic study of the position and action of the jointed snaffle bit in the horse’s mouth
• Apparatus use in popular equestrian disciplines in Australia
• Bit-related lesions in Icelandic competition horses
• Effects of Different Bits and Bridles on Frequency of Induced Swallowing in Cantering Horses
• Effects on behaviour and rein tension on horses ridden with or without martingales and rein inserts
• Fluoroscopic study of oral behaviours in response to the presence of a bit and the effects of rein tension
• Length and elasticity of side reins affect rein tension at trot
• Pathophysiology of bit control in the horse (pdf)
• Measurement of Rein Tension During Horseback Riding Using Strain Gage Transducers (pdf)
• Preliminary investigations of horses’ responses to bitted and bitless bridles during foundation training
• Preliminary investigations of horses’ responses to different bridles during foundation training
• Preliminary study of jointed snaffle vs. crossunder bitless bridles: Quantified comparison of behaviour in four horses
• Radiographic study of bit position within the horse’s oral cavity
• Rein contact between horse and handler during specific equitation movements
• Rein tension acceptance in young horses in a voluntary test situation
• The effects of bit chewing on right upper quadrant intestinal sounds frequency in adult horses
• The effect of different rein types on the rein tension applied when taking up a medium contact
• The effect of double bridles and jaw-clamping crank nosebands on temperature of eyes and facial skin of horses
• The prevalence of oral ulceration in Swedish horses when ridden with bit and bridle and when unridden

Saddles and girths

• Comparison of pressure distribution under a conventional saddle and a treeless saddle at sitting trot
• Effects of girth, saddle and weight on movements of the horse
• Evaluation of the force acting on the back of the horse with an English saddle and a side saddle at walk, trot and canter
• Effects of girth, saddle and weight on movements of the horse
• Forces and pressures beneath the saddle during mounting from the ground and from a raised mounting block
• Girth pressure measurements reveal high peak pressures that can be avoided using an alternative girth design that also results in increased limb protraction and flexion in the swing phase
• Pressure on the horse’s withers with three styles of blanket
• The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle
• The influence of different saddle pads on force and pressure changes beneath saddles with excessively wide trees
• The effects of different saddle pads on forces and pressure distribution beneath a fitting saddle
• Topographical Anatomy of the Equine M. Cutaneus Trunci in Relation to the Position of the Saddle and Girth

Bandaging, head checks etc

• Apparatus use in popular equestrian disciplines in Australia
• Effects of athletic taping of the fetlock on distal limb mechanics
• Effect of two bandage protocols on equine fetlock kinematics (pdf)

Treadmill, round-pen, lungeing

• Do horses show more stress during riding, lunging or working on a treadmill? pdf
• Behaviour of Horses in the Round Pen Technique (pdf)
• Not research, but an article on ethologists’ opinions on join-up: “Equine behaviorists opinion on round penning” (pdf).